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Tcl_UtfFindLast(3tcl)




Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

_________________________________________________________________


NAME

     Tcl_UniChar,   Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch,    Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp,
     Tcl_UniCharToUtf, Tcl_UtfToUniChar, Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString,
     Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString,  Tcl_UniCharLen,   Tcl_UniCharNcmp,
     Tcl_UtfCharComplete,    Tcl_NumUtfChars,   Tcl_UtfFindFirst,
     Tcl_UtfFindLast,          Tcl_UtfNext,          Tcl_UtfPrev,
     Tcl_UniCharAtIndex,  Tcl_UtfAtIndex, Tcl_UtfBackslash - rou-
     tines for manipulating UTF-8 strings


SYNOPSIS

     #include <tcl.h>

     typedef ... Tcl_UniChar;

     int
     Tcl_UniCharToUtf(ch, buf)

     int
     Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, chPtr)

     char *
     Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString(uniStr, uniLength, dsPtr)

     Tcl_UniChar *
     Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString(src, length, dsPtr)

     int
     Tcl_UniCharLen(uniStr)

     int
     Tcl_UniCharNcmp(ucs, uct, numChars)

     int
     Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp(ucs, uct, numChars)

     int
     Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch(uniStr, uniPattern, nocase)

     int
     Tcl_UtfNcmp(cs, ct, numChars)

     int
     Tcl_UtfNcasecmp(cs, ct, numChars)

     int
     Tcl_UtfCharComplete(src, length)

     int
     Tcl_NumUtfChars(src, length)

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        1

Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

     const char *
     Tcl_UtfFindFirst(src, ch)

     const char *
     Tcl_UtfFindLast(src, ch)

     const char *
     Tcl_UtfNext(src)

     const char *
     Tcl_UtfPrev(src, start)

     Tcl_UniChar
     Tcl_UniCharAtIndex(src, index)

     const char *
     Tcl_UtfAtIndex(src, index)

     int
     Tcl_UtfBackslash(src, readPtr, dst)


ARGUMENTS

     char *buf (out)                             Buffer in  which
                                                 the        UTF-8
                                                 representation
                                                 of           the
                                                 Tcl_UniChar   is
                                                 stored.  At most
                                                 TCL_UTF_MAX
                                                 bytes are stored
                                                 in the buffer.

     int ch (in)                                 The  Tcl_UniChar
                                                 to  be converted
                                                 or examined.

     Tcl_UniChar *chPtr (out)                    Filled with  the
                                                 Tcl_UniChar
                                                 represented   by
                                                 the  head of the
                                                 UTF-8 string.

     const char *src (in)                        Pointer   to   a
                                                 UTF-8 string.

     const char *cs (in)                         Pointer   to   a
                                                 UTF-8 string.

     const char *ct (in)                         Pointer   to   a
                                                 UTF-8 string.

     const Tcl_UniChar *uniStr (in)              A          null-

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        2

Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

                                                 terminated
                                                 Unicode string.

     const Tcl_UniChar *ucs (in)                 A          null-
                                                 terminated
                                                 Unicode string.

     const Tcl_UniChar *uct (in)                 A          null-
                                                 terminated
                                                 Unicode string.

     const Tcl_UniChar *uniPattern (in)          A          null-
                                                 terminated
                                                 Unicode string.

     int length (in)                             The  length   of
                                                 the UTF-8 string
                                                 in  bytes   (not
                                                 UTF-8    charac-
                                                 ters).  If nega-
                                                 tive,  all bytes
                                                 up to the  first
                                                 null   byte  are
                                                 used.

     int uniLength (in)                          The  length   of
                                                 the      Unicode
                                                 string in  char-
                                                 acters.  Must be
                                                 greater than  or
                                                 equal to 0.

     Tcl_DString *dsPtr (in/out)                 A pointer  to  a
                                                 previously  ini-
                                                 tialized
                                                 Tcl_DString.

     unsigned long numChars (in)                 The  number   of
                                                 characters    to
                                                 compare.

     const char *start (in)                      Pointer  to  the
                                                 beginning  of  a
                                                 UTF-8 string.

     int index (in)                              The index  of  a
                                                 character   (not
                                                 byte)   in   the
                                                 UTF-8 string.

     int *readPtr (out)                          If     non-NULL,
                                                 filled  with the

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        3

Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

                                                 number of  bytes
                                                 in the backslash
                                                 sequence,
                                                 including    the
                                                 backslash  char-
                                                 acter.

     char *dst (out)                             Buffer in  which
                                                 the        bytes
                                                 represented   by
                                                 the    backslash
                                                 sequence     are
                                                 stored.  At most
                                                 TCL_UTF_MAX
                                                 bytes are stored
                                                 in the buffer.

     int nocase (in)                             Specifies
                                                 whether      the
                                                 match should  be
                                                 done       case-
                                                 sensitive (0) or
                                                 case-insensitive
                                                 (1).
_________________________________________________________________


DESCRIPTION

     These   routines   convert   between   UTF-8   strings   and
     Tcl_UniChars.    A   Tcl_UniChar   is  a  Unicode  character
     represented as an unsigned, fixed-size  quantity.   A  UTF-8
     character  is  a Unicode character represented as a varying-
     length sequence of up to  TCL_UTF_MAX  bytes.   A  multibyte
     UTF-8  sequence  consists  of  a  lead byte followed by some
     number of trail bytes.

     TCL_UTF_MAX is the maximum number of bytes that it takes  to
     represent one Unicode character in the UTF-8 representation.

     Tcl_UniCharToUtf stores the Tcl_UniChar ch as a UTF-8 string
     in starting at buf.  The return value is the number of bytes
     stored in buf.

     Tcl_UtfToUniChar reads one UTF-8 character starting  at  src
     and  stores it as a Tcl_UniChar in *chPtr.  The return value
     is the number of bytes  read  from  src.   The  caller  must
     ensure  that the source buffer is long enough such that this
     routine does not  run  off  the  end  and  dereference  non-
     existent  or random memory; if the source buffer is known to
     be null-terminated, this will not happen.  If the  input  is
     not  in proper UTF-8 format, Tcl_UtfToUniChar will store the
     first byte of src in *chPtr as a Tcl_UniChar between  0x0000

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        4

Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

     and 0x00ff and return 1.

     Tcl_UniCharToUtfDString converts the given Unicode string to
     UTF-8,  storing  the  result  in  a  previously  initialized
     Tcl_DString.  You must specify uniLength, the length of  the
     given  Unicode string.  The return value is a pointer to the
     UTF-8 representation of the Unicode string.  Storage for the
     return value is appended to the end of the Tcl_DString.

     Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString converts the given UTF-8  string  to
     Unicode,  storing  the  result in the previously initialized
     Tcl_DString.  In the argument length, you may either specify
     the  length  of  the given UTF-8 string in bytes or "-1", in
     which case Tcl_UtfToUniCharDString uses strlen to  calculate
     the  length.   The  return value is a pointer to the Unicode
     representation of the UTF-8 string.  Storage for the  return
     value  is  appended  to  the  end  of  the Tcl_DString.  The
     Unicode string is terminated with a Unicode null character.

     Tcl_UniCharLen corresponds to strlen for Unicode characters.
     It  accepts a null-terminated Unicode string and returns the
     number of Unicode characters (not bytes) in that string.

     Tcl_UniCharNcmp  and   Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp   correspond   to
     strncmp  and  strncasecmp, respectively, for Unicode charac-
     ters.  They accept two null-terminated Unicode  strings  and
     the  number  of  characters  to  compare.   Both strings are
     assumed  to  be   at   least   numChars   characters   long.
     Tcl_UniCharNcmp   compares  the  two  strings  character-by-
     character according to the Unicode character  ordering.   It
     returns an integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0 if
     the first string is greater than, equal to, or less than the
     second  string  respectively.   Tcl_UniCharNcasecmp  is  the
     Unicode case insensitive version.

     Tcl_UniCharCaseMatch   is   the   Unicode   equivalent    to
     Tcl_StringCaseMatch.   It  accepts a null-terminated Unicode
     string, a Unicode pattern, and a  boolean  value  specifying
     whether  the  match  should  be  case  sensitive and returns
     whether the string matches the pattern.

     Tcl_UtfNcmp corresponds to strncmp  for  UTF-8  strings.  It
     accepts  two null-terminated UTF-8 strings and the number of
     characters to compare.  (Both strings are assumed to  be  at
     least  numChars  characters long.)  Tcl_UtfNcmp compares the
     two strings character-by-character according to the  Unicode
     character  ordering.   It  returns  an integer greater than,
     equal to, or less than 0 if  the  first  string  is  greater
     than, equal to, or less than the second string respectively.

     Tcl_UtfNcasecmp  corresponds  to   strncasecmp   for   UTF-8
     strings.   It  is  similar to Tcl_UtfNcmp except comparisons

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        5

Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

     ignore differences in case when comparing  upper,  lower  or
     title case characters.

     Tcl_UtfCharComplete returns 1 if the source UTF-8 string src
     of   length   bytes   is   long  enough  to  be  decoded  by
     Tcl_UtfToUniChar, or 0 otherwise.  This  function  does  not
     guarantee  that  the  UTF-8 string is properly formed.  This
     routine is used by procedures that are operating on  a  byte
     at  a  time  and need to know if a full Tcl_UniChar has been
     seen.

     Tcl_NumUtfChars corresponds to strlen for UTF-8 strings.  It
     returns  the  number of Tcl_UniChars that are represented by
     the UTF-8 string src.  The length of the  source  string  is
     length  bytes.   If  the length is negative, all bytes up to
     the first null byte are used.

     Tcl_UtfFindFirst corresponds to strchr  for  UTF-8  strings.
     It  returns  a  pointer  to  the  first  occurrence  of  the
     Tcl_UniChar ch in the null-terminated UTF-8 string src.  The
     null terminator is considered part of the UTF-8 string.

     Tcl_UtfFindLast corresponds to strrchr  for  UTF-8  strings.
     It   returns  a  pointer  to  the  last  occurrence  of  the
     Tcl_UniChar ch in the null-terminated UTF-8 string src.  The
     null terminator is considered part of the UTF-8 string.

     Given src, a pointer to some location  in  a  UTF-8  string,
     Tcl_UtfNext returns a pointer to the next UTF-8 character in
     the string.  The caller must not ask for the next  character
     after  the last character in the string if the string is not
     terminated by a null character.

     Given src, a pointer to some location in a UTF-8 string  (or
     to  a  null  byte  immediately  following  such  a  string),
     Tcl_UtfPrev returns a pointer to the closest preceding  byte
     that  starts a UTF-8 character.  This function will not back
     up to a position  before  start,  the  start  of  the  UTF-8
     string.   If src was already at start, the return value will
     be start.

     Tcl_UniCharAtIndex corresponds to a C string array  derefer-
     ence   or   the  Pascal  Ord()  function.   It  returns  the
     Tcl_UniChar represented  at  the  specified  character  (not
     byte) index in the UTF-8 string src.  The source string must
     contain at least index characters.  Behavior is undefined if
     a negative index is given.

     Tcl_UtfAtIndex returns a pointer to the specified  character
     (not byte) index in the UTF-8 string src.  The source string
     must contain at least index characters.  This is  equivalent
     to  calling Tcl_UtfNext index times.  If a negative index is

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        6

Utf(3)               Tcl Library Procedures                Utf(3)

     given, the return pointer points to the first  character  in
     the source string.

     Tcl_UtfBackslash is a utility procedure used by  several  of
     the Tcl commands.  It parses a backslash sequence and stores
     the properly  formed  UTF-8  character  represented  by  the
     backslash  sequence  in  the  output  buffer  dst.   At most
     TCL_UTF_MAX   bytes    are    stored    in    the    buffer.
     Tcl_UtfBackslash  modifies *readPtr to contain the number of
     bytes in the backslash  sequence,  including  the  backslash
     character.   The  return value is the number of bytes stored
     in the output buffer.

     See the Tcl  manual  entry  for  information  on  the  valid
     backslash  sequences.  All of the sequences described in the
     Tcl manual entry are supported by Tcl_UtfBackslash.


KEYWORDS

     utf, unicode, backslash

Tcl                     Last change: 8.1                        7


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