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dnet(3)





NAME

     dnet - dumb networking library


SYNOPSIS

     #include <dnet.h>

   Network addressing

     int
     addr_cmp(const struct addr *a, const struct addr *b);

     int
     addr_bcast(const struct addr *a, struct addr *b);

     int
     addr_net(const struct addr *a, struct addr *b);

     char *
     addr_ntop(const struct addr *src, char *dst, size_t size);

     int
     addr_pton(const char *src, struct addr *dst);

     char *
     addr_ntoa(const struct addr *a);

     int
     addr_aton(const char *src, struct addr *dst);

     int
     addr_ntos(const struct addr *a, struct sockaddr *sa);

     int
     addr_ston(const struct sockaddr *sa, struct addr *a);

     int
     addr_btos(uint16_t bits, struct sockaddr *sa);

     int
     addr_stob(const struct sockaddr *sa, uint16_t *bits);

     int
     addr_btom(uint16_t bits, void *mask, size_t size);

     int
     addr_mtob(const void *mask, size_t size, uint16_t *bits);

   Address Resolution Protocol

     typedef int

     (*arp_handler)(const struct arp_entry *entry, void *arg);

     arp_t *
     arp_open(void);

     int
     arp_add(arp_t *a, const struct arp_entry *entry);

     int
     arp_delete(arp_t *a, const struct arp_entry *entry);

     int
     arp_get(arp_t *a, struct arp_entry *entry);

     int
     arp_loop(arp_t *a, arp_handler callback, void *arg);

     arp_t *
     arp_close(arp_t *a);

   Binary buffers

     blob_t *
     blob_new(void);

     int
     blob_read(blob_t *b, void *buf, int len);

     int
     blob_write(blob_t *b, const void *buf, int len);

     int
     blob_seek(blob_t *b, int off, int whence);

     int
     blob_index(blob_t *b, const void *buf, int len);

     int
     blob_rindex(blob_t *b, const void *buf, int len);

     int
     blob_pack(blob_t *b, const void *fmt, ...);

     int
     blob_unpack(blob_t *b, const void *fmt, ...);

     int
     blob_print(blob_t *b, char *style, int len);

     blob_t *
     blob_free(blob_t *b);

   Ethernet

     eth_t *
     eth_open(const char *device);

     int
     eth_get(eth_t *e, eth_addr_t *ea);

     int
     eth_set(eth_t *e, const eth_addr_t *ea);

     ssize_t
     eth_send(eth_t *e, const void *buf, size_t len);

     eth_t *
     eth_close(eth_t *e);

   Firewalling

     typedef int

     (*fw_handler)(const struct fw_rule *rule, void *arg);

     fw_t *
     fw_open(void);

     int
     fw_add(fw_t *f, const struct fw_rule *rule);

     int
     fw_delete(fw_t *f, const struct fw_rule *rule);

     int
     fw_loop(fw_t *f, fw_handler callback, void *arg);

     fw_t *
     fw_close(fw_t *f);

   Network interfaces

     typedef int

     (*intf_handler)(const struct intf_entry *entry, void *arg);

     intf_t *
     intf_open(void);

     int
     intf_get(intf_t *i, struct intf_entry *entry);

     int
     intf_get_src(intf_t *i, struct intf_entry *entry, struct addr *src);

     int
     intf_get_dst(intf_t *i, struct intf_entry *entry, struct addr *dst);

     int
     intf_set(intf_t *i, const struct intf_entry *entry);

     int
     intf_loop(intf_t *i, intf_handler callback, void *arg);

     intf_t *
     intf_close(intf_t *i);

   Internet Protocol

     ip_t *
     ip_open(void);

     ssize_t
     ip_add_option(void *buf, size_t len, int proto, const void *optbuf,
             size_t optlen);

     void
     ip_checksum(void *buf, size_t len);

     ssize_t
     ip_send(ip_t *i, const void *buf, size_t len);

     ip_t *
     ip_close(ip_t *i);

   Internet Protocol Version 6

     void
     ip6_checksum(void *buf, size_t len);

   Random number generation

     rand_t *
     rand_open(void);

     int
     rand_get(rand_t *r, void *buf, size_t len);

     int
     rand_set(rand_t *r, const void *seed, size_t len);

     int
     rand_add(rand_t *r, const void *buf, size_t len);

     uint8_t
     rand_uint8(rand_t *r);

     uint16_t
     rand_uint16(rand_t *r);

     uint32_t
     rand_uint32(rand_t *r);

     int
     rand_shuffle(rand_t *r, void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size);

     rand_t *
     rand_close(rand_t *r);

   Routing

     typedef int

     (*route_handler)(const struct route_entry *entry, void *arg);

     route_t *
     route_open(void);

     int
     route_add(route_t *r, const struct route_entry *entry);

     int
     route_delete(route_t *r, const struct route_entry *entry);

     int
     route_get(route_t *r, struct route_entry *entry);

     int
     route_loop(route_t *r, route_handler callback, void *arg);

     route_t *
     route_close(route_t *r);

   Tunnel interface

     tun_t *
     tun_open(struct addr *src, struct addr *dst, int mtu);

     int
     tun_fileno(tun_t *t);

     const char *
     tun_name(tun_t *t);

     ssize_t
     tun_send(tun_t *t, const void *buf, size_t size);

     ssize_t
     tun_recv(tun_t *t, void *buf, size_t size);

     tun_t *
     tun_close(tun_t *t);


DESCRIPTION

     dnet provides a simplified, portable interface to several low-level net-
     working routines, including network address manipulation, kernel arp(4)
     cache and route(4) table lookup and manipulation, network firewalling,
     network interface lookup and manipulation, and raw IP packet and Ethernet
     frame transmission. It is intended to complement the functionality pro-
     vided by pcap(3).

     In addition, dnet also provides platform-independent definitions of vari-
     ous network protocol formats and values for portable low-level network
     programming, as well as a simple binary buffer handling API.

   Network addressing
     Network addresses are described by the following structure:

     struct addr {
             uint16_t                addr_type;
             uint16_t                addr_bits;
             union {
                     eth_addr_t      __eth;
                     ip_addr_t       __ip;
                     ip6_addr_t      __ip6;

                     uint8_t         __data8[16];
                     uint16_t        __data16[8];
                     uint32_t        __data32[4];
             } __addr_u;
     };
     #define addr_eth        __addr_u.__eth
     #define addr_ip         __addr_u.__ip
     #define addr_ip6        __addr_u.__ip6
     #define addr_data8      __addr_u.__data8
     #define addr_data16     __addr_u.__data16
     #define addr_data32     __addr_u.__data32

     The following values are defined for addr_type:

     #define ADDR_TYPE_NONE          0       /* No address set */
     #define ADDR_TYPE_ETH           1       /* Ethernet */
     #define ADDR_TYPE_IP            2       /* Internet Protocol v4 */
     #define ADDR_TYPE_IP6           3       /* Internet Protocol v6 */

     The field addr_bits denotes the length of the network mask in bits.

     addr_cmp() compares network addresses a and b, returning an integer less
     than, equal to, or greater than zero if a is found, respectively, to be
     less than, equal to, or greater than b.  Both addresses must be of the
     same address type.

     addr_bcast() computes the broadcast address for the network specified in
     a and writes it into b.

     addr_net() computes the network address for the network specified in a
     and writes it into b.

     addr_ntop() converts an address from network format to a string.

     addr_pton() converts an address (or hostname) from a string to network
     format.

     addr_ntoa() converts an address from network format to a string, return-
     ing a pointer to the result in static memory.

     addr_aton() is a synonym for addr_pton().

     addr_ntos() converts an address from network format to the appropriate
     struct sockaddr.

     addr_ston() converts an address from a struct sockaddr to network format.

     addr_btos() converts a network mask length to a network mask specified as
     a struct sockaddr.

     addr_stob() converts a network mask specified in a struct sockaddr to a
     network mask length.

     addr_btom() converts a network mask length to a network mask in network
     byte order.

     addr_mtob() converts a network mask in network byte order to a network
     mask length.

   Address Resolution Protocol
     ARP cache entries are described by the following structure:

     struct arp_entry {
             struct addr     arp_pa;         /* protocol address */
             struct addr     arp_ha;         /* hardware address */
     };

     arp_open() is used to obtain a handle to access the kernel arp(4) cache.

     arp_add() adds a new ARP entry.

     arp_delete() deletes the ARP entry for the protocol address specified by
     arp_pa.

     arp_get() retrieves the ARP entry for the protocol address specified by
     arp_pa.

     arp_loop() iterates over the kernel arp(4) cache, invoking the specified
     callback with each entry and the context arg passed to arp_loop().

     arp_close() closes the specified handle.

   Binary buffers
     Binary buffers are described by the following structure:

     typedef struct blob {
             u_char          *base;          /* start of data */
             int              off;           /* offset into data */
             int              end;           /* end of data */
             int              size;          /* size of allocation */
     } blob_t;

     blob_new() is used to allocate a new dynamic binary buffer, returning
     NULL on failure.

     blob_read() reads len bytes from the current offset in blob b into buf,
     returning the total number of bytes read, or -1 on failure.

     blob_write() writes len bytes from buf to blob b, advancing the current
     offset. It returns the number of bytes written, or -1 on failure.

     blob_seek() repositions the offset within blob b to off, according to the
     directive whence (see lseek(2) for details), returning the new absolute
     offset, or -1 on failure.

     blob_index() returns the offset of the first occurence in blob b of the
     specified buf of length len, or -1 on failure.

     blob_rindex() returns the offset of the last occurence in blob b of the
     specified buf of length len, or -1 on failure.

     blob_pack() converts and writes, and blob_unpack() reads and converts
     data in blob b according to the given format fmt as described below,
     returning 0 on success, and -1 on failure.

     The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary char-
     acters (not % ), which are copied to / read from the blob, and conversion
     specifications, each of which results in reading / writing zero or more
     subsequent arguments.

     Each conversion specification is introduced by the character %, and may
     be prefixed by length specifier. The arguments must correspond properly
     (after type promotion) with the length and conversion specifiers.

     The length specifier is either a a decimal digit string specifying the
     length of the following argument, or the literal character * indicating
     that the length should be read from an integer argument for the argument
     following it.

     The conversion specifiers and their meanings are:

     D       An unsigned 32-bit integer in network byte order.

     H       An unsigned 16-bit integer in network byte order.

     b       A binary buffer (length specifier required).

     c       An unsigned character.

     d       An unsigned 32-bit integer in host byte order.

     h       An unsigned 16-bit integer in host byte order.

     s       A C-style null-terminated string, whose maximum length must be
             specified when unpacking.

     Custom conversion routines and their specifiers may be registered via
     blob_register_pack(), currently undocumented.

     blob_print() prints len bytes of the contents of blob b from the current
     offset in the specified style; currently only ``hexl'' is available.

     blob_free() deallocates the memory associated with blob b and returns
     NULL.

   Ethernet
     eth_open() is used to obtain a handle to transmit raw Ethernet frames via
     the specified network device.

     eth_get() retrieves the hardware MAC address for the interface specified
     by e.

     eth_set() configures the hardware MAC address for the interface specified
     by e.

     eth_send() transmits len bytes of the Ethernet frame pointed to by buf.

     eth_close() closes the specified handle.

   Firewalling
     Firewall rules are described by the following structure:

     struct fw_rule {
             char            fw_device[INTF_NAME_LEN]; /* interface name */
             uint8_t         fw_op;                    /* operation */
             uint8_t         fw_dir;                   /* direction */
             uint8_t         fw_proto;                 /* IP protocol */
             struct addr     fw_src;                   /* src address / net */
             struct addr     fw_dst;                   /* dst address / net */
             uint16_t        fw_sport[2];              /* range / ICMP type */
             uint16_t        fw_dport[2];              /* range / ICMP code */
     };

     The following values are defined for fw_op:

     #define FW_OP_ALLOW     1
     #define FW_OP_BLOCK     2

     The following values are defined for fw_dir:

     #define FW_DIR_IN       1
     #define FW_DIR_OUT      2

     fw_open() is used to obtain a handle to access the local network firewall
     configuration.

     fw_add() adds the specified firewall rule.

     fw_delete() deletes the specified firewall rule.

     fw_loop() iterates over the active firewall ruleset, invoking the speci-
     fied callback with each rule and the context arg passed to fw_loop().

     fw_close() closes the specified handle.

   Network interfaces
     Network interface information is described by the following structure:

     #define INTF_NAME_LEN   16

     struct intf_entry {
             u_int           intf_len;                   /* length of entry */
             char            intf_name[INTF_NAME_LEN];   /* interface name */
             u_short         intf_type;                  /* interface type (r/o) */
             u_short         intf_flags;                 /* interface flags */
             u_int           intf_mtu;                   /* interface MTU */
             struct addr     intf_addr;                  /* interface address */
             struct addr     intf_dst_addr;              /* point-to-point dst */
             struct addr     intf_link_addr;             /* link-layer address */
             u_int           intf_alias_num;             /* number of aliases */
             struct addr     intf_alias_addrs __flexarr; /* array of aliases */
     };

     The following bitmask values are defined for intf_type:

     #define INTF_TYPE_OTHER         1       /* other */
     #define INTF_TYPE_ETH           6       /* Ethernet */
     #define INTF_TYPE_LOOPBACK      24      /* software loopback */
     #define INTF_TYPE_TUN           53      /* proprietary virtual/internal */

     The following bitmask values are defined for intf_flags:

     #define INTF_FLAG_UP            0x01    /* enable interface */
     #define INTF_FLAG_LOOPBACK      0x02    /* is a loopback net (r/o) */
     #define INTF_FLAG_POINTOPOINT   0x04    /* point-to-point link (r/o) */
     #define INTF_FLAG_NOARP         0x08    /* disable ARP */
     #define INTF_FLAG_BROADCAST     0x10    /* supports broadcast (r/o) */
     #define INTF_FLAG_MULTICAST     0x20    /* supports multicast (r/o) */

     intf_open() is used to obtain a handle to access the network interface
     configuration.

     intf_get() retrieves an interface configuration entry, keyed on
     intf_name.  For all intf_get() functions, intf_len should be set to the
     size of the buffer pointed to by entry (usually sizeof(struct
     intf_entry), but should be larger to accomodate any interface alias
     addresses.

     intf_get_src() retrieves the configuration for the interface whose pri-
     mary address matches the specified src.

     intf_get_dst() retrieves the configuration for the best interface with
     which to reach the specified dst.

     intf_set() sets the interface configuration entry.

     intf_loop() iterates over all network interfaces, invoking the specified
     callback with each interface configuration entry and the context arg
     passed to intf_loop().

     intf_close() closes the specified handle.

   Internet Protocol
     ip_open() is used to obtain a handle to transmit raw IP packets, routed
     by the kernel.

     ip_add_option() adds the header option for the protocol proto specified
     by optbuf of length optlen and appends it to the appropriate header of
     the IP packet contained in buf of size len, shifting any existing payload
     and adding NOPs to pad the option to a word boundary if necessary.

     ip_checksum() sets the IP checksum and any appropriate transport protocol
     checksum for the IP packet pointed to by buf of length len.

     ip_send() transmits len bytes of the IP packet pointed to by buf.

     ip_close() closes the specified handle.

   Internet Protocol Version 6
     ip6_checksum() sets the appropriate transport protocol checksum for the
     IPv6 packet pointed to by buf of length len.

   Random number generation
     rand_open() is used to obtain a handle for fast, cryptographically strong
     pseudo-random number generation. The starting seed is derived from the
     system random data source device (if one exists), or from the current
     time and random stack contents.

     rand_set() re-initializes the PRNG to start from a known seed value, use-
     ful in generating repeatable sequences.

     rand_get() writes len random bytes into buf.

     rand_add() adds len bytes of entropy data from buf into the random mix.

     rand_uint8(), rand_uint16(), and rand_uint32() return 8, 16, and 32-bit
     unsigned random values, respectively.

     rand_shuffle() randomly shuffles an array of nmemb elements of size
     bytes, starting at base.

     rand_close() closes the specified handle.

   Routing
     Routing table entries are described by the following structure:

     struct route_entry {
             struct addr     route_dst;      /* destination address */
             struct addr     route_gw;       /* gateway address */
     };

     route_open() is used to obtain a handle to access the kernel route(4)
     table.

     route_add() adds a new routing table entry.

     route_delete() deletes the routing table entry for the destination prefix
     specified by route_dst.

     route_get() retrieves the routing table entry for the destination prefix
     specified by route_dst.

     route_loop() iterates over the kernel route(4) table, invoking the speci-
     fied callback with each entry and the context arg passed to route_loop().

     route_close() closes the specified handle.

   Tunnel interface
     tun_open() is used to obtain a handle to a network tunnel interface, to
     which IP packets destined for dst are delivered (with source addresses
     rewritten to src ), where they may be read by a userland process and pro-
     cessed as desired. IP packets written back to the handle are injected
     into the kernel networking subsystem.

     tun_fileno() returns a file descriptor associated with the tunnel handle,
     suitable for select(2).

     tun_name() returns a pointer to the tunnel interface name.

     tun_send() submits a packet to the kernel networking subsystem for deliv-
     ery.

     tun_recv() reads the next packet delivered to the tunnel interface.

     tun_close() closes the specified handle.


RETURN VALUES

     addr_ntop() returns a pointer to the dst argument, or NULL on failure.

     addr_ntoa() returns a pointer to a static memory area containing the
     printable address, or NULL on failure.

     arp_open(), eth_open(), fw_open(), intf_open(), ip_open(), rand_open(),
     and route_open() return a valid handle on success, or NULL on failure.

     arp_close(), eth_close(), fw_close(), intf_close(), ip_close(),
     rand_close(), and route_close() always return NULL.

     eth_send() and ip_send() return the length of the datagram successfully
     sent, or -1 on failure.

     arp_loop(), fw_loop(), intf_loop(), and route_loop() return the status of
     their callback routines. Any non-zero return from a callback will cause
     the loop to exit immediately.

     ip_add_option() returns the length of the inserted option (which may have
     been padded with NOPs for memory alignment) or -1 on failure.

     rand_uint8(), rand_uint16(), and rand_uint32() return 8, 16, and 32-bit
     unsigned random values, respectively.

     All other dnet routines return 0 on success, or -1 on failure.


SEE ALSO

     pcap(3)


AUTHORS

     Dug Song <dugsong@monkey.org>

BSD                             August 21, 2001                            BSD

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